Optometric Lasers

Lasers are widely used in optometry because lightenergy that breaks apart the molecular bonds of
can reach almost any internal eye structurethe eye's surface tissue. These molecules thus
almost without offense. The first use of light indisintegrate into the air, and there is no burning
optometry can be dated back to 1946 when ainvolved. Excimer lasers can remove incredibly thin
German ophthalmologist Gerdlayers of eye material without impacting the
Meyer-Schwickerath used light to coagulateremaining tissue. So these types of lasers are
human retinal tissue. He sealed off retinal tearsoften used in precision surgeries.
with the light of a xenon arc lamp producing tinyThe microkeratome laser is designed to forego
burns in the retina. This technique revolutionizedthe blade and use ultrashort-pulse femtosecond
the world of optometry. After the first laser waslasers to make the cut instead, which can
demonstrated in 1960 by Theodore Maiman, itminimize risks inherent in the microkeratome blade
quickly became an efficient tool in the field ofmethod. The microkeratome is a mechanical
corrective eye treatment. Today's technology hasshaver that cuts a very thin flap out of the
made it possible to develop a wide variety ofexterior layer of the cornea to allow for laser
lasers, each with its own technical specificationssurgery.
and use. There are the five most common kindsThe Krypton laser is a kind of gas laser using
of lasers used in optometry: YAG laser, excimerkrypton ions in combination with electronic
laser, microkeratome femtosecond laser, Kryptondischarges, which is commonly used to treat
lasers and argon laser.macular degeneration, a disease that shows up
The YAG laser, one of the most common typesoften in the group of elderly people and results in
of lasers, is a solid-state laser used in variousthe loss of a central field of vision due to a
fields like ophthalmology. YAG lasers have a 1054damaged retina.
mm wavelength and can be operated in pulsedThe argon laser discovered by William R. Bennett
mode as well as continuous mode. The mostcan be emitted at various wavelengths in the
common eye surgeries in which the YAG laser isultraviolet spectrum. They commonly used in
used are cataract surgery and peripheralretinal phototherapy procedures. Diabetic patients
iridotomy. YAG lasers with frequencies of 532mmoften suffer from diabetic retinopathy. Argon
wavelengths are used for photocoagulation.lasers are used for panretinal photocoagulation to
The excimer laser is probably the most widelyprevent retinopathy from further damage. They
used kinds of lasers in optometry. Instead ofare also used in treating open-angle glaucoma.
burning through matter, excimer lasers shoot out