| Introduction | | | | major markets 39 |
| Ophthalmology encompasses some lucrative | | | | Prevalence of glaucoma in India and China is similar |
| markets, but the future of leading brands in | | | | to that of the seven major markets 43 |
| glaucoma and AMD is under threat, and while | | | | Current treatment options in glaucoma 46 |
| established markets like glaucoma and | | | | Overview of treatments in glaucoma 46 |
| conjunctivitis have many therapeutic options, | | | | Beta-blockers 50 |
| diabetic retinopathy remains largely untapped. Key | | | | Prostaglandin analogs 50 |
| opinion leaders agree there is unmet need in | | | | Alpha-agonists 50 |
| terms of drug delivery methods and dose | | | | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 51 |
| frequency across ophthalmology diseases. | | | | Miotics 51 |
| Scope | | | | Hyperosmotic agents 51 |
| *Snapshot of ophthalmology diseases based on | | | | Glaucoma treatment guidelines 51 |
| the worldwide leading causes of blindness | | | | Diagnosing glaucoma 51 |
| *Review of current treatment options, and | | | | Sales analysis of brands in glaucoma 54 |
| epidemiology in eye diseases in each of the seven | | | | Global glaucoma market reached over $5 billion |
| major markets and selected rest of the world | | | | sales in 2008 54 |
| regions | | | | Combigan experienced rapid growth in the |
| *Analysis of ophthalmology ATC drug classes with | | | | glaucoma market between 2004 and 2008 56 |
| assessment of key brand and country dynamics | | | | Major brands in glaucoma therapy 58 |
| *Assessment of unmet needs based on key | | | | Xalatan (latanoprost, Pfizer) 58 |
| opinion leader interviews and a review of pipeline | | | | Cosopt (dorzolamide and timolol, |
| therapies in leading ophthalmic diseases | | | | Merck-Schering-Plough) 60 |
| Highlights | | | | Travatan (travoprost, Alcon) 61 |
| The future of leading brands Lucentis | | | | Unmet needs and future treatments in glaucoma |
| (ranibizumab) and Xalatan (latanoprost) is at risk. | | | | 65 |
| Lucentis dominates AMD with 91% market share | | | | Unmet needs in glaucoma 65 |
| but the use of currently off-label Avastin | | | | Neuroprotection is a significant unmet need in |
| (bevacizumab, Roche) is a threat. Xalatan, the gold | | | | glaucoma 65 |
| standard in glaucoma achieved $1.5 billion in 2008 | | | | Simplified treatment regimens are likely to lead to |
| but the drug faces generic erosion after patent | | | | greater patient compliance 66 |
| expiry in 2011 | | | | Preservative-free formulations 67 |
| Diabetic retinopathy and AMD markets show high | | | | Therapies with better side-effect profiles 68 |
| growth potential. Both diseases are highly | | | | Pipeline analysis of glaucoma treatments 68 |
| prevalent, with 11.5 million cases of diabetic | | | | Chapter 3. Age-related macular degeneration 70 |
| retinopathy, and 7.5 million in AMD, in the seven | | | | Key findings 70 |
| major markets in 2010. There are few drug | | | | Definition and classification of age-related macular |
| treatments for AMD, while no approved drugs for | | | | degeneration (AMD) 71 |
| diabetic retinopathy mean this market is untapped. | | | | Dry (nonexudative) age-related macular |
| Key opinion leaders report high unmet need for | | | | degeneration 71 |
| reduced dosing regimens of existing therapies and | | | | Wet (exudative/neovascular) age-related macular |
| an improvement in drug delivery methods. | | | | degeneration 71 |
| However, any new formulations of existing drugs | | | | Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration |
| will have to compete with cheap generics and | | | | (AMD) 72 |
| need to show significant additional benefits. | | | | Over 7.5 million sufferers of age-related macular |
| Reasons to Purchase | | | | degeneration in the seven major markets in 2010 |
| *Validate the market potential of particular | | | | 72estimates over 2.7 million cases of age-related |
| ophthalmology indications based on prevalence | | | | macular degeneration in the US in 2010 76 |
| numbers in each of the seven major markets | | | | Japanese males have higher prevalence of |
| *Understand the commercial potential of | | | | age-related macular degeneration 77estimates |
| ophthalmic diseases with Datamonitor's | | | | over 4.3 million cases of age-related macular |
| assessment of market and brand dynamics | | | | degeneration across the five major EU markets in |
| *Assess the key unmet needs and possible new | | | | 2010 78 |
| approaches in the treatment of eye diseases as | | | | Age-related macular degeneration prevalence is |
| noted by opinion leaders | | | | high in India 80 |
| Table of Contents : | | | | Age-related macular degeneration prevalence |
| "Overview 1 | | | | varies in racial groups 83 |
| Catalyst 1 | | | | Current treatment options in age-related macular |
| Summary 1 | | | | degeneration (AMD) 83 |
| About healthcare 2 | | | | Overview of treatments in age-related macular |
| About the Immunology & Inflammation | | | | degeneration (AMD) 83 |
| pharmaceutical analysis team 2 | | | | Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
| Executive Summary 3 | | | | therapy 84 |
| Scope of the analysis 3insight into the | | | | Off-label use of Avastin in age-related macular |
| ophthalmology market 3 | | | | degeneration 85 |
| Table of Contents 5 | | | | Laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy |
| Chapter 1. Overview of the ophthalmology | | | | 86 |
| market 6 | | | | Other surgical treatments for AMD 87 |
| Key findings of the ophthalmology market 6 | | | | Vitamins and lifestyle change are the main |
| Introduction to ophthalmology and the human eye | | | | treatment options in dry AMD 87 |
| 7 | | | | Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) |
| Ophthalmology market attractiveness | | | | treatment guidelines 88 |
| 11ophthalmology market definition 11 | | | | Diagnosis of AMD 88 |
| Therapeutic sales for ophthalmology disorders | | | | Treatment guidelines on the management of AMD |
| exceeded $12 billion in 2008 12 | | | | 88 |
| High growth potential observed in diabetic | | | | Sales analysis of brands in age-related macular |
| retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration | | | | degeneration (AMD) 89 |
| markets 13 | | | | Lucentis drives rapid growth in AMD market |
| Age-related macular degeneration shows a high | | | | between 2004 and 2008 89 |
| growth rate, and seemingly unsaturated market | | | | Major brands in AMD therapy 91 |
| 15 | | | | Lucentis (ranibizumab, Roche/Novartis/Alcon) 91 |
| Middle Eastern, North African (MENA) and Brazil, | | | | Macugen (pegaptanib, Eyetech/Pfizer) 93 |
| Russia, India and China (BRIC) ophthalmology | | | | Visudyne (verteporfin, QLT /Novartis) 94 |
| markets are growing rapidly 16 | | | | Avastin (bevacizumab, Roche) 95 |
| Brand and company dynamics in ophthalmology 19 | | | | Unmet needs and future treatments in |
| Current leading brands Lucentis and Xalatan are | | | | age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 97 |
| both under threat 19 | | | | Unmet needs in AMD 97 |
| Lucentis versus Avastin in the treatment of | | | | Treatment frequency 97 |
| age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 19 | | | | Combination of different therapies 98 |
| Xalatan sales set to decline with looming patent | | | | Improvement in method of drug delivery 99 |
| expiry in 2011 21 | | | | No standard treatment exists for dry age-related |
| Established eye care companies within the | | | | macular degeneration patients 99 |
| ophthalmology market 22 | | | | Pipeline analysis of age-related macular |
| Future of the ophthalmology market 24 | | | | degeneration treatments 99 |
| Reducing the dosing frequency and improving | | | | Chapter 4. Diabetic retinopathy 103 |
| current drug delivery methods are key unmet | | | | Key findings 103 |
| needs 24 | | | | Definition and classification of diabetic retinopathy |
| High pipeline potential in diabetic retinopathy and | | | | 104 |
| age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 25 | | | | Diabetic macular edema can occur from any |
| Chapter 2. Glaucoma 29 | | | | stage of diabetic retinopathy 104 |
| Key findings 29 | | | | Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy 105estimates |
| Definition and classification of glaucoma 30 | | | | 11.5 million diabetic retinopathy patients across the |
| Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) 30 | | | | seven major markets in 2010 105 |
| Angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) 30 | | | | Diabetic retinopathy prevalence in the rest of the |
| Primary angle-closure glaucoma 30 | | | | world 107 |
| Secondary angle-closure glaucoma 31 | | | | Current treatment options in diabetic retinopathy |
| Normal tension and secondary glaucoma 31 | | | | 108 |
| Risk factors associated with glaucoma 31 | | | | Overview of treatments in diabetic retinopathy |
| Epidemiology of glaucoma 32 | | | | 108 |
| Total glaucoma patient potential is up to 7.0 million | | | | Diabetic retinopathy treatment guidelines 111 |
| in the seven major markets in 2010 32estimates | | | | Sales analysis in diabetic retinopathy 111 |
| 5.4 million primary open-angle glaucoma sufferers | | | | Unmet needs and future treatments in diabetic |
| across the seven major markets in 2010 34 | | | | retinopathy 112 |
| Assumptions and limitations in estimating the | | | | Unmet needs in diabetic retinopathy 112 |
| primary open-angle glaucoma population in the | | | | Efficacious drugs that maintain vision or prevent |
| seven major markets 35 | | | | disease progression 112 |
| Primary open-angle glaucoma is more prevalent in | | | | Earlier diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy 113 |
| older US females 35 | | | | Improved methods of administering treatments |
| Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in | | | | 114 |
| different racial groups 37 | | | | Improved drug therapies to extend the period |
| Epidemiology of primary angle-closure glaucoma in | | | | between laser treatments 114 |
| the seven major markets 38 | | | | Pipeline analysis of diabetic retinopathy treatments |
| Epidemiology of other types of glaucoma in the | | | | 114 |
| seven major markets 39 | | | | Chapter 5. |
| Epidemiology studies of glaucoma in the seven | | | | |