Understanding Red-Eye in photos and how it can be prevented

Why are eyes red in photos?this feature can have a side-effect that results in
Red-eye is a phenomenon that happens onlyphotos having people's eyes closed. The reason is
when taking photos using a flash. When takingthat the pre-flash strobes blind the people and
photos in day light or when in high ambient lightcause them to close their eyes.
scenarios people's eyes look normal. When takingOther ways to prevent red-eye
pictures in low ambient light scenarios using a flashUnderstanding what causes red-eye helps being
the result many times is redness in the people'smore creative in preventing it. Following are some
eyes.ways to prevent red-eye other than using the
The reason for the color red is simple - whenbuilt-in camera red-eye reduction feature:
flash light from the camera hits the eyes itIncreasing the light where photos are taken (for
penetrates and is reflected back from the retina.example by turning on the lights in a room before
The color of the reflected light is red because thetaking photos of people) causes people's pupils to
light is actually reflected from the red blood in thereduce in size and eye redness to reduce.
retina.Point the flash away from the eyes. Since
In some scenarios the red-eye is evident while inred-eye is caused by flash light reflected from the
others it is mild or doesn't seem to appear at all.retina the best way to prevent red-eye would be
One of the main factors for that is the state ofto eliminate such reflection as much as possible. In
the pupils. If the pupils are dilated (for examplemost cameras the angle between the flash and
the pupils dilate in darkness or when drinkingthe lenses is narrow (this is especially true for
alcohol) more light is reflected back from thebuilt-in flash and pocket cameras) causing most of
retina and the eyes in the photo appear redder.the flash to bounce back from the retina to the
Common way to reduce red-eyelenses. Increasing the angle (for example by using
The most commonly used method to reducean external flash) reduces the reflected light. You
red-eye is activating the camera's built-in red-eyecan also use a bounce flash - by having the flash
reduction feature. The red-eye reduction featurelight bounce off a bright surface (a white wall or a
is very simple yet effective. When turned on theprofessional reflector) most of the direct
camera shoots a series of pre-flash strobesreflection from the retina can be eliminated.
followed by one more strobe when actually takingRed-eye can also be removed after photos were
the photo. The pre-flash strobes cause the pupilsalready taken by using photo processing software
to reduce in size and by the time the photo ison your PC. Most digital cameras include a CD with
taken the pupils are small enough for the eyePC software that embeds this feature. Although
redness to substantially reduce.this method doesn't eliminate the red-eye from
The red-eye reduction feature does what it isthe source it can result in a practically red-eye
supposed to do: reduce the red-eye effect butfree photo. Some software are better than
almost never is it completely prevented. Thereothers some are manual while others
are many limitations to this feature for exampleautomatically identify the red-eyes and process
pupils reaction time to light can vary. In additionthat area to revert to normal eye colors.