| To understand why and how laser vision | | | | focused not onto the retina but behind the retina. |
| correction works, it's best if you first understand | | | | If the cornea and the crystalline lens had more |
| how your eyes work, and what types of vision | | | | combined focusing power, or if the eye were |
| problems affect us. | | | | longer, then the light rays would be focused |
| How Your Eye Works | | | | precisely onto the |
| Just like a camera, the eye works by focusing | | | | Astigmatism. People whose eyes focus light rays |
| light rays. Light entering the eye first passes | | | | unevenly have astigmatism. Astigmatism occurs |
| through a transparent layer called the cornea. The | | | | when the cornea has an irregular shape. The |
| cornea acts as a lens by focusing the light. | | | | cornea should be round and symmetrical like a |
| Located behind the cornea is another lens, known | | | | basketball, but in cases of astigmatism it is shaped |
| as the crystalline lens, that further focuses the | | | | more like a football. People with astigmatism see |
| light to make a clear image on the retina at the | | | | both near and far objects out of focus. |
| back of the eye. Finally, the image is transmitted | | | | Astigmatism frequently accompanies |
| to the brain by the optic nerve. | | | | nearsightedness or farsightedness. |
| Just as a camera cannot produce a clear | | | | Presbyopia. Presbyopia (which comes from the |
| photograph if the incoming light is not focused | | | | Greek for "old vision") refers to the gradual loss, |
| precisely onto the film, so the eye cannot | | | | as we age, of the eye's ability to adjust the focus |
| produce clear vision if the cornea and crystalline | | | | from far to near. Presbyopia is a normal part of |
| lens do not focus the light precisely onto the | | | | the aging process, affecting each and every |
| retina. | | | | person, and usually begins to cause a problem |
| The most common vision problem is the inability | | | | with near vision between the ages of forty and |
| to focus incoming light precisely onto the retina. | | | | fifty. It is corrected by the use of reading glasses |
| The result is blurred vision. | | | | or bifocals. |
| There are four types of focusing errors: | | | | Presbyopia occurs because the crystalline lens no |
| - Nearsightedness | | | | longer adequately adjusts its shape to focus |
| - Farsightedness | | | | clearly on close-up objects. |
| - Astigmatism | | | | Though presbyopia is referred to as |
| - Presbyopia | | | | "farsightedness" by many people, it should not be |
| Nearsightedness. Nearsighted people see near | | | | confused with true farsightedness (hyperopia). |
| objects better than those farther away. In | | | | Presbyopia is caused by difficulty in changing the |
| nearsightedness (also known as myopia), light rays | | | | focus from far to up close - a problem with the |
| from distant objects are focused not onto the | | | | crystalline lens. True farsightedness is caused by |
| retina but in front of the retina. Nearsightedness | | | | too little focusing power in the eye a combination |
| occurs because the cornea and the crystalline lens | | | | of the cornea and the crystalline lens. |
| together have too much focusing power for the | | | | Both presbyopia and hyperopia cause blurring of |
| length of the eye. If the cornea and the crystalline | | | | the close-up vision, though hyperopia can blur the |
| lens had less combined focusing power, or if the | | | | distance vision as well. Whereas presbyopia is an |
| eye were shorter, then the light rays would be | | | | aging effect and begins to be experienced |
| focused precisely onto the retina. | | | | sometime after thirty-five years of age, |
| Farsightedness. Farsighted people see faraway | | | | hyperopia affects people of all ages, even young |
| objects better than those that are near. | | | | children. |
| Farsightedness (also known as hyperopia) results | | | | Presbyopia can be present by itself or in |
| when the cornea and the crystalline lens together | | | | combination with nearsightedness, farsightedness, |
| have too little focusing power for the length of | | | | or astigmatism. |
| the eye. Light rays from distant objects are | | | | |