What is the Blood-Brain Barrier?

Our bodies are wonderful machines. They do andin pH and other agents having what are called
accomplish literally billions of activities that day and"high molecular weight."
almost all of these activities come off with 100%The barrier has been so completely evolved that
accuracy almost every single time. Throughit is able to allow fat-soluble, lighter weight
millions of years of evolution -- which is basicallysubstances, for the most part, to pass through.
nature's way of engaging in trial and errorVery specific water-soluble amino acids are also
experimentation on a grand scale -- our bodiesallowed to pass through this barrier to facilitate
have learned what works and what does not.certain other neurochemical reactions and that is
Because of this experimentation there areabout all that is allowed to make the journey
mechanisms within our body that keep us safewhen the blood/brain barrier is working in good
from harm, both outside our bodies and fromorder. That is also why -- unless the exposure to
within our bodies.the heavy metal is very large -- this barrier can
One such mechanism is what scientists and healthwork to shuttle outward any mercury that has
professionals refer to as the "blood/brain barrier."managed to make its way up to the barrier itself.
This type of figurative wall acts as a kind ofAs an adjunct part of the classic blood/brain
gatekeeper that prevents harmful chemicals orbarrier, another part of the body -- called the
even minor changes in the blood's chemistry andchoroid plexus -- works in a similar manner to
pH balance from overly affecting the brainrestrict the flow between blood vessels like
through a mechanism that has proven to becapillaries and the body's cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
highly resistant to certain water-soluble chemicalsThis serves a dual purpose of not only protecting
that could make their way into the brain and theprecious cerebral spinal fluid from harm but also
fluid surrounding it and which would lead toworks in conjunction to add just a bit more
ultimate physical harm.protection for the body's most precious organism,
Such chemicals or substances are fairly wellthe brain.
known, including heavy metals such as mercury.For the layman, it might be helpful to think of a
This kind of exposure to mercury can lead to aseries of increasingly robust filters through which
wide range of neurological deficit disorders whencontaminated water must pass. At the end of
the metal makes it through the blood/brain barrierthat filtration cycle pure, fresh water emerges.
due to weakness of the barrier or dysfunctionThese filters, the openings -- or pores -- which
which has created the conditions where heavybecome increasingly smaller as the filters get
metals, chemicals or changes in blood and fluid pHcloser to the tap or outlet where the final product
are present. Evolutionary processes work to keepwill emerge would be self repairing and constantly
the brain pH levels tightly controlled as possiblereplenished in a system that resembles how the
while also working to prevent any exposure ofbody utilizes its own blood/brain barrier.
the brain to toxic agents.Clinicians and physicians have certain tools and
As a physical entity, the blood/brain barrier istests available to them to assess whether or not
comprised of a vast array of what are called "endthe barrier is functioning at optimal levels. They
brain capillaries," each of which benefit from ausually employ these tests when a person begins
seamless and of very tightly knitted junctions thatto demonstrate what they call "neurological
are enclosed even more tightly by a type ofdeficit." They will examine the presence or
connective tissue. Working together, thesenon-presence of certain proteins or normally
networks form a highly restrictive barrier, for allbenign chemicals that will give a specialist in idea of
intents and purposes that act to prevent the brainhow well the blood/brain barrier is working at that
from being affected by even very minor changesparticular moment in time.